Table 2 Frequency distribution of 250 respondents regarding assessing self-directed learning in the virtual environment

Virtual learning is more difficult than face-to-face learning

I enjoy online communication with teachers

Effective learning is possible only by attending class, seeing the teacher, and hearing his/her voice

I would like more online courses

The virtual environment motivates me to learn

Using the Internet and advancing technologies is a valuable learning experience

If learning assignments are related to my field of work in the future, I am more enthusiastic about doing them

A compulsory virtual education (such as formal education) does not motivate me

SI have no problem working with computers and e-learning systems

If I independently and creatively choose assignments and resources through virtual learning, I will learn better

If the learning schedule is flexible in the virtual course, I can learn better

In the event of recognition courses, I have more confidence in virtual learning

I would like feedback on my overall performance at the end of the virtual course

If I encounter a problem, I can refer to someone for help

Whenever I have a problem with virtual learning, I ask the teacher for help and guidance

I use social media to help with virtual learning

I purposely search and collect information on the Internet

It would be great if I could study educational sources of my choosing

I have dealt well with changing roles to virtual students

I take the main responsibility for learning virtual education course content

I am sure I can handle assignments and virtual projects

I think about ways to increase my learning before participating in online discussions and doing assignments

If virtual assignments are chosen in a way that I can learn something from them, even if they take a lot of work, I would do them enthusiastically

The further I go, the less I need teachers

Even when the content is boring and interesting, I keep reading until I finish it

After studying each lesson, I test myself to be sure I have learned what I have read

When I listen to podcasts or use educational multimedia, my mind is busy with something else and I don't listen to what the teacher says

When I listen to teacher podcasts and videos, I repeat relevant content

I watch videotapes and take notes of key points

I manage my time properly

I feel learning is better when I review lessons with my classmates via email rather than in person

I feel that online discussion increases learning depth

The quality of teacher assignments is more significant than their quantity

If sources are presented step by step, I am more focused on learning

Nonverbal clues and teacher advice are motivating

Teachers' guidance and feedback affect my learning

I feel more confident about learning when I see that the teacher communicates with me step by step from the beginning to the end of the assignment

I feel more committed to and responsible for my own learning

I think that I am adapting to the virtual learning environment over time

I think it is getting more convenient to use electronic learning tools over time

I feel that I can manage my time better than before

I feel that my perseverance with virtual learning has increased

I feel that my confidence in virtual learning has increased

I feel more creative now than before