Designing and psychometric analysis of an instrument to assess learning process in a virtual environment

Smart Learning Environments

Table 3 The five-factor structure of the self-directed learning (SDL) scale in a virtual environment

Factor 1 Self-directed learning prerequisites		Factor 2 Flexible and supportive environment		Factor 3 Deep learning		Factor 4 Intelligent teaching		Factor 5 Learning outcomes
Number of items	Factor loading	Number of items	Factor loading	Number of items	Factor loading	Number of items	Factor loading	Number of items	Factor loading
15	0.890	1	0.798	33	0.703	10	0.752	38	0.779
16	0.895	2	0.802	34	0.730	11	0.796	39	0.771
17	0.886	3	0.708	35	0.760	12	0.843	40	0.778
18	0.875	4	0.832	36	0.732	13	0.788	41	0.765
19	0.893	5	0.807	37	0.758	14	0.820	42	0.756
20	0.892	6	0.827					43	0.781
21	0.860	7	0.734					44	0.778
22	0.907	8	0.824
23	0.847	9	0.618
24	0.899
25	0.882
26	0.841
27	0.882
28	0.873
29	0.865
30	0.874
31	0.898
32	0.842