Smart Learning Environments

Table 3 Computed Calinski-Harabasz & Silhouette index (best results bolded)

From: Unlocking teachers’ potential: MOOCLS, a visualization tool for enhancing MOOC teaching

Validation index	Calinski-Harabasz (CH)				Silhouette (SI)
Learning styles	K-means	MiniBatch	Birch	Agglomerative	K-means	MiniBatch	Birch	Agglomerative
Session 2015
Active	182,350.04	182,096.07	87,462.00	164,592.11	0.80	0.80	0.74	0.79
Reflective	81,988.04	81,734.32	29,448.13	66,986.25	0.76	0.76	0.71	0.75
Sensing	73,109.54	71,040.24	64,871.41	57,600.90	0.73	0.76	0.77	0.75
Intuitive	27,146.78	25,250.56	14,583.55	22,774.94	0.68	0.72	0.77	0.61
Visual	123,760.92	114,153.13	71,621.93	111,571.95	0.67	0.72	0.78	0.65
Verbal	33,756.19	31,552.79	22,630.88	30,930.14	0.70	0.60	0.77	0.64
Sequential	23,9064.22	239,022.98	218,663.28	232,308.86	0.81	0.80	0.80	0.80
Global	26,101.06	24,182.84	18,263.43	22,722.22	0.82	0.74	0.80	0.80
Session 2016
Active	102,957.48	93,535.52	53,426.37	73,219.40	0.77	0.77	0.71	0.75
Reflective	52,268.05	51,947.40	32,443.41	43,995.80	0.76	0.76	0.73	0.73
Sensing	44,779.28	44,256.98	39,460	38,913.64	0.72	0.72	0.75	0.74
Intuitive	16,893.7	14,158.7	9,936.57	15,121.62	0.70	0.43	0.78	0.74
Visual	92,224.74	91,347.66	47,077.40	81,402.06	0.68	0.70	0.76	0.75
Verbal	15,951.95	9,562.31	4,123.77	15,085.92	0.76	0.74	0.94	0.75
Sequential	177,096.72	175,840.89	154,747.88	170,035.39	0.81	0.80	0.80	0.80
Global	18,222.55	15,414.20	14,687.96	14,329.18	0.83	0.81	0.82	0.80

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