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Table 3 Spearman correlation results between latent traits and various attempt statistics

From: Evaluation and modeling of students’ persistence and wheel-spinning propensities in formative assessments

Estimated trait

Avg attempts per topic (Mean = 2.52)

Percentage of attempted topics (Mean = 0.22)

Percentage of attempted items (Mean = 0.10)

Percentage of the correct response across attempts (Mean = 0.67)

Percentage of the eventual correct response (Mean = 0.70)

Xa (Mean = 0.53)

Yb (Mean = 0.20)

Persistence

0.51***

0.94***

0.97***

0.16

0.11

0.55***

0.03

Wheel-spinning

− 0.20*

− 0.12

− 0.13

− 0.88***

− 0.92***

− 0.16

0.91***

  1. Xa, Percentage of topics across attempts on which the students persisted; Yb, Percentage of topics across attempts on which the students exhibited wheel-spinning behavior. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001
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