Table 2 Review results

1

Akçayır et al., (2016)

Metaio Creator Program

iOS, Android

Smartphone

M, image-based

S(76)

–

I,Q, QLIS = V/R

2

Ayer et al. (2016)

–

–

smartphone, tablet

M

S,CG(88), S(108)

–

FG,Q, CM = −/−

3

Bal et al. (2016)

QRcode cards

–

mobile devices

M, QR codes

S,CG(25), S(25)

–

Q, CM = −/−

4

Carlson et al. (2016)

ARIS platform

iOS

tablet

M, QR codes

E(32)

–

Q, CM = −/−

5

Chen et al. (2016)

Vuforia, Unity

iOS, Android

tablet

L

C,ASD(6)

–

I,Q, CM = V/R

6

Lin et al. (2016)

Aurasma app (HP Reveal now)

–

smartphone, tablet

M

ES,C(21)

–

Q, CM = −/−

7

Montoya et al. (2016)

Vuforia, Unity

Android

smartphone, tablet

M

S(41)

–

Q, CM = −/−

8

Safar et al. (2016)

–

iOS

tablet

–

C,CG(21), C(21)

–

O,Q, CM = V/R

9

Santos et al. (2016)

ARToolKit, PointCloud SDK

iOS

smartphone, tablet

M

S,CG(13), S(18)

–

Q, SUS = V/R, HARUS = −/−

10

Sungkur et al. (2016)

Android Studio IDE, Eclipse IDE, Metaio SDK, Blender

Android

smartphone

M, QR codes

S(25)

–

–

11

Yilmaz (2016)

Metaio Creator Program

–

desktop PC, tablet

M, QR codes

T(30), C(33)

–

I,O,Q, TAM = V/R

12

Bauer et al. (2017)

Kinect SDK, Bresenham algorithm

Windows

laptop

S, image-based

n.d.(20)

Kinect, MRI

Q, n.d. = −/−

13

Bazarov et al. (2017)

Unity 3D, Vuforia, Qualcomm

iOS, Android

smartphone, tablet, AR headset

S, QR codes

S(24)

–

Q, CM = −/−

14

Crăciun et al. (2017)

Aurasma app (HP Reveal now)

–

smartphone

M

T(22)

–

O,Q, CM = −/−

15

Joo-Nagata et al. (2017)

Junaio

iOS

desktop PC, tablet

L

ES,CG,S(71), ES,S(72)

–

Q, CM = V/R

16

Moro et al. (2017)

Vuforia, Unity

Android

tablet

–

S(59)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/−

17

Pombo et al. (2017)

Vuforia, Unity

Android

smartphone, tablet

M, image-based

ES,S(74)

−

FG,O,Q,SUS = V/R

18

Turkan et al. (2017)

ARToolKit, OpenGL ES 2.0

iOS

tablet

M

S,CG(19),S(22)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = V/R

19

Vega Garzon et al. (2017)

Vuforia, Unity

iOS, Android

–

–

S(88)

AT (pre- and post-)

–

20

Wang, (2017)

Aurasma app (HP Reveal now)

iOS, Android

tablet

M

S,CG(15),S(15)

AT (pre- and post-)

O,I,Q, CM = V/R

21

Abd Majid et al. (2018)

Vuforia, Unity

Android

smartphone

M

S(25)

AT (pre- and post-)

O,I,Q, CM = −/−

22

Aebersold et al. (2018)

Video 3D graphics, hybrid approach

iOS

Tablet

−

S,CG(34),S(35)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/−

23

Alhumaidan et al. (2018)

Vuforia

–

Tablet

M

ES,S(9)

–

–

24

Chang et al. (2018)

Unity

–

tablet

M, image-based

ES,CG(55),ES(56)

–

Q, CM = −/−

25

Cheng et al. (2018)

Vuforia, Unity

Android

smartphone

S

S,CG(35),S(35)

–

Q, CM = −/−

26

Cieza et al. (2018)

Extreme Programming (XP) methodology, Vuforia, Unity, MonoDevelop

Android

tablet

M

C(10)

–

–

27

Deb et al. (2018)

Vuforia, Unity

Android

smartphone

M

C(10),T(2)

–

O, –

28

Iftene et al. (2018)

Metaio, Vuforia, ARToolKit, Maya, Unity

Android

smartphone, tablet

M

P(6), S(12)

–

I,O,Q, QUIS = V/R

29

Kurniawan et al. (2018)

Vuforia, Unity, Floating Euphoria Framework

Android

smartphone

M

S(60)

–

Q, CM = −/−

30

Layona et al. (2018)

Google Sketchup, 3Ds Max 2011, ActionScript 3.0, C#

Windows

laptop, tablet

M

S(157)

–

Q, SUS = V/R

31

Lorusso et al. (2018)

Vuforia, Unity, Adobe Illustrator

Android

smart TV, tablet

M

ES,S(25), PS(2)

–

O,Q, CM = −/−

32

Mahmood et al. (2018)

Unity, Vimedix

Windows

AR headset Hololens, Vimedix Ultrasound simulator

S

n.d

–

–

33

Mota et al. (2018)

MIT App Inventor, Vuforia, OpenGL

Android

smartphone

M

E(47)

–

Q, n.d. = −/−

34

Mourtzis et al. (2018)

Microsoft HoloLens software, Unity 3D, Computer Aided Design (CAD) software

–

AR headset Hololens

–

n.d

–

–

35

Nguyen et al. (2018)

–

–

smartphone

–

S,CG(6),S(6)

–

O,Q, CM = −/−

36

Bursali et al. (2019)

Pawtoon software (animations), Aurasma software (now HP Reveal), AirDroid app

Android

smartphone, interactive board

–

S,CG(46),S(43)

–

O,I,Q, CM = V/R

37

Cabero et al. (2019)

Metaio Creator, Eclipse, Unity, Adobe photoshop

iOS, Android

tablet

M

S(372)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, IMMS = V/R

38

Collado et al. (2019)

Vuforia, Unity

–

tablet

M

T(29)

–

Q, CM = −/−

39

Fidan et al. (2019)

Vuforia, Unity

Android

tablet

M

S,CG(30),S(61)

AT (pre- and post-)

I,Q, CM = V/R

40

Karambakhsh et al, (2019)

Unity3D, Tensorflow library, Convolutional Neural Networks, 3D key points detectors, 3D array, cloud computing, AI, ML

Windows, Android

AR headset Hololens

–

n.d

AD

O, –

41

Khan et al. (2019)

ARToolKit, Layered marker generation tool (LMGT)

–

interactive board

M

T(20),S(55)

–

Q, CM = −/−

42

López-García et al. (2019)

Layar Creator (Blippar now)

–

smartphone, tablet

L

ES,S(106)

–

Q, PEURA-E = V/R

43

Mylonas et al. (2019)

Unity, GAIA AR Tool, Sketchup, Zxing

iOS

smartphone, tablet

M, QR codes

none

none

none

44

Sáez-López et al. (2019)

–

iOS, Android

smartphone

L

S,CG(22),S(69)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/−

45

Sahin et al. (2019)

Aurasma app (HP Reveal now)

–

smartphone

M, QR codes

S,CG(25),S(25)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, IMMS = V/R

46

Sargsyan et al. (2019)

Metavision, Unity, Google Cloud Speech-to-Text API

–

Metavision’s Meta 2 headset

S

n.d.(9)

–

–

47

Savitha et al. (2019)

–

–

smartphone

M

C,CG(4), C(4)

–

Q, CM = −/−

48

Scaravetti et al. (2019)

Diota software, 3DVia Composer

Windows

tablet, AR headset Hololens

S

S(59)

AT(post-)

Q, CM = −/−

49

Sonntag et al. (2019)

RaspberryPi, CAD, COMSOL MultiPhysics software, Hololens

–

AR headset Hololens

S

S(8)

–

I,Q, CM = −/−

50

Yip et al. (2019)

–

iOS, Android

smartphone

M

S,CG(21), S(21)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/−

51

Aladin et al. (2020)

Vuforia, Unity

–

smartphone

M

C(13)

AT(pre-)

Q, CM = −/−

52

Aljojo et al. (2020)

Visual Studio 2017, Unity, Vuforia

Android

smartphone, laptop, desktop PC

–

S(40)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/−

53

Altmeyer et al. (2020)

Vuforia, Unity

iOS

tablet

M

S,CG(25), S(25)

AT (pre- and post-), TCT

Q, SUS = V/R

54

Andriyandi et al. (2020)

Vuforia, Unity, Adobe Photoshop

Android

smartphone

M

I(10)

AD

Q, CM = −/−

55

Badilla-Quintana et al. (2020)

–

Android

AR headset

–

S(60)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, MSAR = V/R, SoASSES = V/R

56

Bibi et al. (2020)

Unity

Android

smartphone, tablet

M

C(5)

–

I,Q, CM = −/−

57

Conley et al. (2020)

Vuforia

iOS

smartphone, tablet

M, QR codes

S(252)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/R

58

Dalim et al.(2020)

ARToolkit, Unity, Microsoft Kinect's

Windows

Kinect, desktop PC, web camera

M

ES,CG,S(30), ES(90)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/−

59

Elivera et al. (2020)

Blippar, Blippbuilder

Android

smartphone

M

S(30), I(3)

–

Q, SUS = V/R

60

Gargrish et al. (2020)

Vuforia, Unity

iOS, Android

smartphone

M

none

none

none

61

Harun et al. (2020)

Vuforia, Unity

–

–

M

n.d

–

Q, QUIS = V/R

62

Henssen et al. (2020)

ITK-SNAP software, Unity

iOS, Android

tablet

M

S,CG(16), S(15)

AT (pre- and post-)

FG,I,Q, IMMS = V/R

63

Ibáñez et al. (2020)

Vuforia

Android

tablet

M, image-based

S(90)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, IMMS = V/R

64

Macariu et al. (2020)

Vuforia, Unity, Adobe Illustrator

–

smartphone, tablet

M

P(70), S(200)

–

Q, QUIS = V/R

65

Mendes et al. (2020)

Vuforia, Unity, Aryzon SDK

Android

Aryzon headset, smartphone

M, QR codes

n.d.(18)

TCT

Q, SUS = V/R

66

Moreno-Guerrero et al. (2020)

–

–

smartphone

–

S,CG(60), S(60)

–

Q, CM = −/−

67

Rossano et al. (2020)

Vuforia, Unity, Geogebra

–

tablet

M

S(33)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, UES = V/R, NASA-TLX = V/R

68

Saundarajan et al. (2020)

–

iOS, Android

smartphone

M

S(33)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/R

69

Sudarmilah et al. (2020)

–

–

smartphone

M

n.d

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/−

70

Thees et al. (2020)

Hololens, Unity, Vuforia

Windows

AR headset Hololens

M

S,CG(40), S(34)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, SUS = V/R, CLS = V/R

71

Tsai, (2020)

–

iOS

tablet

–

S(83)

–

Q, IMI = V/R

72

Uiphanit et al. (2020)

Vuforia

–

smartphone

M

S(40)

AT (pre- and post-)

Q, CM = −/−

73

Zhou et al. (2020)

Autodesk 3ds Max, Unity, Vuforia

–

smartphone

M, image-based

n.d

–

I