Table 3 Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha values for both forms of the ten factors of the smart classroom survey
From: Development and validation of the smart classroom inventory
Factors and Items | A a | P b |
|---|---|---|
Factor1: Physical design (PD), Actual α = 0.61, Preferred α = 0.84 | ||
I have adequate workspace for putting textbooks, tablet PCs and other resources. | 0.54 | 0.76 |
I can easily read the content on the screen in any lighting conditions. | 0.73 | 0.74 |
In the classroom I can see the teacher’s instruction and the classmate’s presentation all together. | 0.75 | 0.72 |
The classroom is quiet; I can hear what the teacher and other students say clearly. | 0.45 | 0.74 |
Factor2: Flexibility (FL), Actual α = 0.62, Preferred α = 0.57 | ||
The classroom is climate controlled with localized temperature and humidity controls. | 0.70 | 0.44 |
The classroom can be a theater, a group working place or other scenes for different learning purposes. | 0.59 | 0.62 |
I can only access into school using my authentication. | 0.69 | 0.53 |
Factor3: Technology usage (TU), Actual α = 0.85, Preferred α = 0.84 | ||
I deal with my assignments using computer or other digital devices. | 0.82 | 0.81 |
I submit my assignments to teachers using computer or other digital devices. | 0.76 | 0.76 |
I obtain the information related to learning with computers or other digital devices. | 0.80 | 0.56 |
I use the computer to read lesson notes prepared by the teacher. | 0.79 | 0.52 |
Factor4: Learning data (LD), Actual α = 0.75, Preferred α = 0.62 | ||
My parents can acquire my learning status in school from some apps or digital communication platforms easily. | 0.71 | 0.69 |
I can find out my learning history such as my homework, and discussions using computers or other digital devices. | 0.68 | 0.60 |
I have my own learning e-portfolio. | 0.61 | 0.58 |
Factor5: Differentiation (DI), Actual α = 0.80, Preferred α = 0.85 | ||
I have the possibilities to learn at my own pace in my class. | 0.67 | 0.63 |
I have the possibilities to choose the learning tasks to be completed in my class. | 0.70 | 0.79 |
I have the possibilities to choose the different materials for learning in my class. | 0.69 | 0.80 |
I have the possibilities to choose the different assessment for learning in my class. | 0.62 | 0.67 |
Factor6: Investigation (IN), Actual α = 0.85, Preferred α = 0.90 | ||
I have the possibilities to carry out investigations to test my ideas in my class. | 0.66 | 0.74 |
I am asked to provide evidence that supports my views in my class. | 0.66 | 0.75 |
I have the possibilities to carry out investigations to answer questions coming from teachers or discussions in my class. | 0.77 | 0.79 |
I have the possibilities to find out answers to questions by doing investigations in my class. | 0.75 | 0.78 |
I have the possibilities to design my own ways of investigating problems in my class. | 0.65 | 0.76 |
Factor7: Cooperation (CO), Actual α = 0.77, Preferred α = 0.82 | ||
I have the possibilities to cooperate with other students when doing assignment work in my class. | 0.68 | 0.65 |
I have the possibilities to cooperate with somebody outside the classroom through Internet when doing assignment work in my class. | 0.66 | 0.66 |
I have the possibilities to discuss with virtual partners when doing assignments in the classroom. | 0.47 | 0.56 |
I have the possibilities to share my data and resources with other students when doing assignments in my class. | 0.59 | 0.61 |
Factor8: Students cohesiveness (SC), Actual α = 0.77, Preferred α = 0.84 | ||
I make friends among students in the class. | 0.76 | 0.71 |
I am friendly to members of the class. | 0.83 | 0.79 |
I help other class members. | 0.74 | 0.75 |
Factor9: Equity (EQ), Actual α = 0.82, Preferred α = 0.80 | ||
The teacher takes a personal interest in me. | 0.84 | 0.84 |
The teacher considers my feelings. | 0.79 | 0.81 |
I am treated in the same way as other students in this class. | 0.70 | 0.51 |
Factor10: Learning experience (LE), Actual α = 0.74, Preferred α = 0.79 | ||
I am motivated by the multi-media learning contents. | 0.76 | 0.81 |
The devices and software are easy to use. | 0.70 | 0.70 |
The devices and software help me to get hands-on experience with the learning objects or learning context. | 0.69 | 0.61 |