Table 1 Examples of personalization approaches for the E-learning and MOOCs

(Essalmi et al., 2015)

E-learning personalization: A new approach for the personalization of e-learning scenarios based on two levels.

The approach presents metrics for the analysis of e-learning personalization strategies based on their feasibility and success when applied to a large number of learning objects and learners’ characteristics.

(Gilbert Paquette et al., 2015)

MOOCs personalization: Competency-based personalization for massive online learning

Regarding the criteria to be taken into account in the recommendations of contents, various constraints were defined in the personalization of the MOOCs. Among these, we cite: resources that respect the level of knowledge of the learner.

(Essalmi, Ayed, Jemni, Kinshuk, & Graf, 2010)

E-learning personalization: Generalized metrics for the analysis of e-learning personalization strategies

The proposed solution is a step to federate the research efforts on the E-learning personalization by integrating and combining the personalization parameters.

(Carlos Alario-Hoyos et al., 2014)

MOOCs personalization: Adaptive planner for facilitating the management of tasks in MOOCs

Designing an application designed to guide learners who have a lack of skills and learning habits to read the most of the content of MOOCs. The work presents the main component of the application which is the adaptive planner.

(Naveen Bansal., 2013)

MOOCs personalization: Adaptive recommendation system for MOOC

Regarding the criteria to be taken into account in the recommendations of contents, various constraints were defined in the personalization of the MOOCs. Among these, we cite: the resources that respect the preferences of the learner

(Gutiérrez-Rojas et al., 2015)

MOOCs personalization: Towards an outcome-based discovery and filtering of MOOCs using MOOC rank

It helps the user to find the most relevant elements for him from a certain sets of information in the MOOCs

(Nishikant Sonwalkar, 2013)

MOOCs personalization: A case study on pedagogy framework and scalable cloud architecture

The type of customization implemented in MOOC adaptation

(Ayse Saliha Sunar et al., 2015)

MOOCs personalization: A Critical Literature Review

The importance of providing social platforms for learners to reinforce their interactions with course content.