The impact of virtual reality meditation on college students’ exam performance

Smart Learning Environments

Table 2 Results of Pretest, Posttest, and Pretest–Posttest Differences

	Intervention	M	SD	df	t	p	Cohen’s d
Pretest	VR	0.65	0.25		− 1.27	0.21	0.30
Pretest	Video	0.72	0.21	59
Posttest	VR	0.67	0.27		1.66	0.05	0.42
Posttest	Video	0.53	0.39	59
Pretest–posttest Differences	VR	0.03	0.27		2.41	0.01	0.62
Pretest–posttest Differences	Video	− 0.19	0.42	59