Table 4 Mann–Whitney U test between math self-concept of online learners with and without access to personal learning space
Math self-concept | Mean Rank (Without access, n = 28) | Mean Rank (With access, n = 26) | U (df = 52) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ability | ||||
 Good grades | 23.5 | 31.8 | 252.0 | 0.020 |
 Understand lesson | 24.5 | 30.7 | 280.0 | 0.09 |
 Solve problem | 23.2 | 32.1 | 243.5 | 0.012 |
 Do well | 23.4 | 31.9 | 249.5 | 0.024 |
 Attend class | 25.4 | 29.8 | 305.0 | 0.274 |
 Do assignments | 23.6 | 31.6 | 256.0 | 0.042 |
 Help classmates | 25.0 | 30.2 | 294.5 | 0.177 |
 Recall | 22.5 | 32.8 | 225.0 | 0.009 |
 Finish course | 26.7 | 28.4 | 342.0 | 0.678 |
 Better than classmates | 23.9 | 31.4 | 264.0 | 0.055 |
 Better than schoolmates | 24.5 | 30.7 | 280.0 | 0.104 |
 Pass course | 24.8 | 30.4 | 287.5 | 0.161 |
Interest | ||||
 Interested to learn | 26.9 | 28.2 | 346.5 | 0.752 |
 Enjoy lecture | 29.3 | 25.6 | 314.5 | 0.368 |
 Perceived mathematics grade | 30.7 | 24.0 | 274.0 | 0.09 |