Beyond policy narratives: exploring the role of pedagogical beliefs in classroom practices of secondary school Civics and Ethical Education teachers

Smart Learning Environments

Table.2 Mean, standard deviation and one sample t-test results of variables

	M	SD	df	t	p
Traditional belief	3.12	.76	323	2.94	.004
Constructivist belief	3.91	.59	323	27.86	.000
Overall constructivist practice	2.91	.61	323	-2.59	.010
Critical Voice	2.82	.86	323	-3.80	.000
Uncertainty	2.86	.82	323	-3.13	.002
Personal Relevance	2.86	.91	323	-2.81	.005
Shared control	3.07	.85	323	1.51	.132
Student Negotiation	2.96	.86	323	-.92	.358