Smart Learning Environments

Table 2 Correlational analyses

From: The virtual COVID-19 classroom: surveying outcomes, individual differences, and technology use in college students

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1 Grade		.43***	− .23*	.50***	.23*	− .35***	− .31**	.06	− .02	.05	− .19	− .12
2 Satisfaction			− .12	.47***	.43***	− .31**	− .30**	.12	.02	− .12	− .35***	− .05
3 Isolation				− .19	− .10	.16	.43***	− .15	− .05	− .25*	.10	.11
4 Engagement					.62***	− .50***	− .31**	.32**	.01	.07	− .16	− .07
5 Motivation						− .39***	− .07	.24*	.10	− .19	− .14	.04
6 Procrastination							.37***	− .31**	.08	.06	− .05	− .08
7 Stress								− .50***	− .01	− .04	.08	.11
8 Self-efficacy									.04	.05	.07	< .01
9 Laptop use										− .32**	− .01	− .09
10 Smartphone use											− .01	.02
11 Difficulty												.52***
12 Effort

*p ≤ .05, **p ≤ .01, ***p ≤ .001

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