Anthropomorphizing malware, bots, and servers with human-like images and dialogues: the emotional design effects in a multimedia learning environment

Smart Learning Environments

Table 3 Bivariate correlations between the measures

	Baseline PAS	Time On Vid	PAS aft. learn	Intr. Motiv	Int. Load	Ext. Load	Ger. Load	Reten	Tran
Prior knowledge	.485**	.051	.546**	.283*	− .183	− .214	.209	.256*	.222
Baseline PAS	–	.190	.755**	.518**	− .058	− .177	.448**	.182	.277*
Time On video	–	–	.252*	.208	− .035	− .067	.148	.444**	.125
PAS after learning	–	–	–	.609**	− .107	− .286*	.557**	.415**	.297*
Intrinsic motivation	–	–	–	–	− .049	− .244*	.616**	.337**	.142
Intrinsic load	–	–	–	–	–	.416**	− .100	− .108	− .055
Extraneous load	–	–	–	–	–	–	− .497**	− .351**	− .168
Germane load	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	.378**	.312**
Retention	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	.200