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Table 3 Convergent validity analysis

From: University students’ satisfaction and future outlook towards forced remote learning during a global pandemic

Factors

Items

Truncated statement

Loadings

AVE

CR

CA

Online assessment (OAS)

OAS1

Clear instructions to complete online assessments

0.809

0.616

0.889

0.844

OAS2

Virtual consultation hours were useful to complete my assessments

0.788

OAS3

Able to complete my online assessments in a timely manner

0.778

OAS4

Online assessments enhanced my understanding

0.858

OAS5

Completed online assessments with honesty

0.681

Online Feedback (OFB)

OFB1

Received timely feedback

0.811

0.689

0.917

0.887

OFB2

Provided constructive feedback for improvement

0.840

OFB3

Access to the marking rubrics online

0.834

OFB4

Easy access to the online feedback

0.862

OFB5

Read all the feedback online

0.803

Online Teaching Effectiveness (OTE)

OTE1

It is just as effective as F2F teaching

0.759

0.663

0.887

0.833

OTE2

Variety of online interactive tools while teaching

0.836

OTE3

Kept virtual classes lively

0.844

OTE4

Virtual classes were more interactive

0.815

Online Interaction (OIT)

OIT1

Could explain my ideas to others in online discussions

0.789

0.646

0.901

0.862

OIT2

Interactive online discussions with other students

0.832

OIT3

Convenience to discuss group work online

0.848

OIT4

Comfortable to communicate with my lecturers online

0.820

OIT5

Got to know new friends online

0.724

Online Support (OSP)

OSP1

Sufficient IT resources for online learning

0.691

0.661

0.906

0.871

OSP2

Strong internet network access

0.777

OSP3

Extra online assistance is provided by the university

0.836

OSP4

Sufficient technical support for online learning

0.870

OSP5

Easy for me to contact the university

0.876

Future Relevance (OFR)

OFR1

Online learning made my studies more relevant

0.892

0.754

0.924

0.891

OFR2

Online materials put me in a real-world context

0.871

OFR3

Knowledge gained is relevant to my future career

0.883

OFR4

Skills learnt online is necessary for my future job

0.826

Personal Well-being (OWB)

OWB1

Online workload is too heavy

0.904

0.84

0.954

0.939

OWB2

Caused me to have difficulty in sleeping

0.938

OWB3

Eyesight has deteriorate

0.936

OWB4

Online learning makes me nervous

0.886

Remote Online Learning Satisfaction (OLS)

OLS1

Had a positive online learning experience

0.869

0.756

0.925

0.892

OLS2

Satisfied with my online learning experience

0.898

OLS3

More effective compared to traditional classes

0.852

OLS4

Enjoyed online learning more

0.858

Continuous Usage Intention (CI)

CI1

Happy to continue using online learning method

0.940

0.875

0.954

0.928

CI2

Would recommend my friends to use online learning method

0.949

CI3

Should use online learning as the future direction

0.916