Table 10 Distribution and effects of measurements based on multimedia learning principles
From: Multimedia learning principles in different learning environments: a systematic review
Name of principle | Retention | Transfer | Recall | Achievement | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f | Affected positively | % | f | Affected positively | % | f | Affected positively | % | f | Affected positively | % | |
Modality | 17 | 3 | 17.6 | 17 | 8 | 47.1 | 7 | 3 | 42.9 | 16 | 10 | 62.5 |
Redundancy | 13 | 4 | 30.8 | 14 | 7 | 50.0 | 4 | 2 | 50.0 | 21 | 7 | 33.3 |
Multimedia | 10 | 6 | 60.0 | 9 | 6 | 66.7 | 7 | 4 | 57.1 | 13 | 9 | 69.2 |
Signaling | 14 | 8 | 57.1 | 14 | 10 | 71.4 | 4 | 3 | 75.0 | 9 | 7 | 77.8 |
Coherence | 9 | 4 | 44.4 | 11 | 7 | 63.6 | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 |
Segmenting | 7 | 5 | 71.4 | 12 | 10 | 83.3 | 2 | 2 | 100.0 | 5 | 4 | 80.0 |
Personalization | 8 | 3 | 37.5 | 7 | 3 | 42.9 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 3 | 75.0 |
Spatial cont | 5 | 2 | 40.0 | 6 | 4 | 66.7 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 2 | 66.7 |
Temporal cont | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | 2 | 2 | 100.0 | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0 | 0.0 |
Image | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – |
Pre-training | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | 0 | – | – | 1 | 1 | 100.0 |
Voice | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | – | – |