Table 9 Distribution of the multimedia learning principles based on the learning environment
From: Multimedia learning principles in different learning environments: a systematic review
Name of principle | # of principle tested in | Total | Percentage | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AR | VR | Traditional | |||
Modality principle | 0 | 0 | 43 | 43 | 21.18 |
Redundancy principle | 0 | 1 | 40 | 41 | 20.20 |
Multimedia principle | 0 | 0 | 27 | 27 | 13.30 |
Signaling principle | 0 | 1 | 24 | 25 | 12.32 |
Coherence principle | 0 | 1 | 19 | 20 | 9.85 |
Segmenting principle | 0 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 7.39 |
Personalization principle | 0 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 5.42 |
Spatial contiguity principle | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 4.43 |
Temporal contiguity principle | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1.97 |
Image principle | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1.97 |
Pre-training principle | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1.48 |
Voice principle | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.49 |