| A | B | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | |
Self-efficacy | 3.98 | .53 | 4.15 | .57 |
Goal orientation | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Performance-approach | 3.91 | .75 | 3.88 | .81 |
Performance-avoidance | 3.48 | .84 | 3.16 | .90 |
Mastery-approach | 4.11 | .61 | 3.83 | .66 |
Mastery-avoidance | 3.44 | .82 | 3.28 | .79 |
PEOU | 3.50 | .71 | 3.78 | .68 |
PU | 3.75 | .66 | 4.00 | .62 |
Learning behavior | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Deep learning | 3.70 | .58 | 3.71 | .61 |
Surface learning | 2.81 | .58 | 3.07 | .62 |
Learning outcome | Â | Â | 86.38 | 5.14 |