Measurement | Time point | \({r}_{S}\) |
---|---|---|
Self-efficacy—goal orientation |  |  |
Self-efficacy—performance-approach |  |  |
 | A | .427* |
 | B | .487* |
Self-efficacy—performance-avoidance |  |  |
 | A | .273* |
Self-efficacy—mastery-approach |  |  |
 | A | 284* |
 | B | \(.387*\) |
Self-efficacy—PEOU |  |  |
 | A | .287* |
 | B | .324* |
Self-efficacy—PU |  |  |
 | A | .330* |
 | B | .446* |
Goal orientation—Learning behavior |  |  |
Performance-approach—Deep learning |  |  |
 | A | .474* |
 | B | .467* |
Mastery-approach—deep learning |  |  |
 | A | .677* |
 | B | .441* |
Performance-avoidance—surface learning |  |  |
 | A | .518* |
 | B | .491* |
Mastery-approach—surface learning |  |  |
 | A | − .268* |
 | B | − .239* |
Mastery-avoidance—surface learning |  |  |
 | A | .457* |
 | B | .366* |
PEOU—learning behavior |  |  |
PEOU—deep learning |  |  |
 | A | .211** |
 | B | .468* |
PEOU—surface learning |  |  |
 | B | .213** |
PU—learning behavior |  |  |
PU—deep learning |  |  |
 | A | .395* |
 | B | .589* |
Learning behavior—learning outcome |  |  |
Deep learning—learning outcome |  |  |
 | B | .312* |
Surface learning—learning outcome |  |  |
 | B | − .263** |