Learning with desktop virtual reality: changes and interrelationship of self-efficacy, goal orientation, technology acceptance and learning behavior

Smart Learning Environments

Table 6 Significant relationships between the concepts at time point A and B

Measurement	Time point	\({r}_{S}\)
Self-efficacy—goal orientation
Self-efficacy—performance-approach
	A	.427*
	B	.487*
Self-efficacy—performance-avoidance
	A	.273*
Self-efficacy—mastery-approach
	A	284*
	B	\(.387*\)
Self-efficacy—PEOU
	A	.287*
	B	.324*
Self-efficacy—PU
	A	.330*
	B	.446*
Goal orientation—Learning behavior
Performance-approach—Deep learning
	A	.474*
	B	.467*
Mastery-approach—deep learning
	A	.677*
	B	.441*
Performance-avoidance—surface learning
	A	.518*
	B	.491*
Mastery-approach—surface learning
	A	− .268*
	B	− .239*
Mastery-avoidance—surface learning
	A	.457*
	B	.366*
PEOU—learning behavior
PEOU—deep learning
	A	.211**
	B	.468*
PEOU—surface learning
	B	.213**
PU—learning behavior
PU—deep learning
	A	.395*
	B	.589*
Learning behavior—learning outcome
Deep learning—learning outcome
	B	.312*
Surface learning—learning outcome
	B	− .263**