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Table 4 Arrangement, viewpoint, argument, from Hounsell (2005, pp. 111, 113)

From: Measuring learning that is hard to measure: using the PECSL model to evaluate implicit smart learning

Term

Definition (Hounsell)

Explanation (Hounsell)

Arrangement

"… an ordered presentation embracing facts and ideas"

Arrangement being the least sophisticated, concerned with arranging some facts that may not have much connection between them

Viewpoint

"… the ordered presentation of a distinctive viewpoint on a problem or issue"

Viewpoint begins to create more value in an argument using relevant (and more) facts with some context

Argument

"… an ordered presentation of an argument well-supported by evidence"

Argument is interpretation, taking on the business of a fuller understanding to construct argument supported by evidence, and making of conclusions