Table 1 Face recognition tools for face detection and feature extraction

OpenFace (Baltrusaitis et al. 2016, 2018)

(Kaur et al. 2018; Rudovic et al. 2018b; Goldberg et al. 2021; Ma et al. 2021; Wu et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2019; Zhu et al. 2020; Thong Huynh et al. 2019; Li et al. 2021; Engwall et al. 2022)

OpenCV

(Yang et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2020; De Carolis et al. 2019; Bhardwaj et al. 2021; Hasnine et al. 2021)

Dlib

(Hasnine et al. 2021; Mehta et al. 2022)

OpenPose (Cao et al. 2017)

(Vanneste et al. 2021; Zheng et al. 2021; Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020)

RetinaFace (Deng et al. 2019)

(Sumer et al. 2021)

FasterRCNN (Ren et al. 2015)

(Rudovic et al. 2018a)

faceAPI

(Castellano et al. 2012)

Affectiva API in iMotion

(Dubovi 2022)