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Table 1 Sample demographics and household characteristics of UWK and JKU students

From: Physical home-learning environments of traditional and non-traditional students during the COVID pandemic: exploring the impact of learning space on students’ motivation, stress and well-being

 

UWK

JKU

X2

f

%

f

%

Gendera (df = 1, n = 349)

 Male

107

41.6

57

59.4

8.153**

 Female

146

56.8

39

40.6

 Diverse

1

0.4

 No indication made

3

1.2

Agea (df = 3, n = 351)

 < 21 years

6

6.3

226.019**

 21–25 years

9

3.5

69

71.9

 26–30 years

31

12.1

13

13.5

 > 30 years

215

83.7

8

8.3

 No indication made

2

0.8

Experience with online learninga (df = 1, n = 353)

 No experience before

140

54.5

51

53.1

.051

 Experience before

117

45.5

45

46.9

Household forma (df = 3, n = 349)

 Multi-person household

199

77.4

87

90.6

32.660**

 One-person household

50

19.5

 Shared apartment

4

1.6

7

7.3

 Other household formc

2

2.1

 No indication made

4

1.6

Household structureb (df = 1, n = 347)

 No children

136

52.9

57

59.4

1.316

 Children of compulsory school age

54

21.0

13

13.5

2.484

 Children of preschool age

38

14.8

8

8.3

2.525

 Children no longer of compulsory school age

23

8.9

7

7.3

.235

 Household with more than two generations

16

6.2

12

12.5

3.834

 Household with pets

77

30.0

24

25.0

.798

 No indication made

5

1.9

3

3.1

.449

Living environmenta (df = 3, n = 351)

 Urban

85

33.1

41

42.7

3.248

 Suburban

63

24.5

23

24.0

 Village environment

72

28.0

23

24.0

 Rural

35

13.6

9

9.4

 No indication made

2

0.8

Residential building typea (df = 3, n = 335)

 Detached single-family house

108

42

36

37.5

21.230**

 Semi-detached or terraced house

19

7.4

7

7.3

 Multi-party house

114

44.4

43

44.8

 Other residential building typed

8

8.3

 No indication made

16

6.2

2

2.1

Flat sizea (df = 3, n = 353)

 < 40 m2

15

5.8

31

32.3

45.486**

 40–70 m2

53

20.6

17

17.7

 70–120 m2

91

35.4

29

30.2

 > 120 m2

98

38.1

19

19.8

Access to outdoor spacesb (df = 1, n = 353)

 Garden

139

54.1

42

43.8

2.988

 Terrace

92

35.8

30

31.3

.639

 Loggia

106

41.2

38

39.6

.080

 No access to outdoor space

37

14.4

27

28.1

8.874**

  1. N = 257 (UWK); N = 96 (JKU)
  2. **p ≤ .01; *p ≤ .05
  3. aOnly one option to choose, bmore than one option to choose, coffice building, study room, dstudent home, office building, two-family house, farm, flat, castle, museum, barrack