Physical home-learning environments of traditional and non-traditional students during the COVID pandemic: exploring the impact of learning space on students’ motivation, stress and well-being

Smart Learning Environments

Table 7 Perceived impact of learning environment on learning experience

	UWK		JKU		t (df), p	Cohen’s d
	n	M (SD)	n	M (SD)	t (df), p	Cohen’s d
Perceived influence of physical learning environment on learning experience
Motivation to learn (negative–positive)	257	0.85 (1.71)	96	0.25 (1.69)	2.95 (351), 0.003**	0.35
Concentration (negative–positive)	257	0.65 (1.76)	96	0.17 (1.70)	2.33 (351), 0.020*	0.28
Learning performance (negative–positive)	257	0.81 (1.61)	96	0.29 (1.64)	2.70 (351), 0.007**	0.32