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Table 3 Pretest–posttest improvements among intermediate learners

From: The role of novelty stimuli in second language acquisition: evidence from the optimized training by the Pinyin Tutor at TalkBank

 

Routine

Novelty

t-test

Mean Pre-Posttest Increase

SD

Mean Pre-Posttest Increase

SD

t-statistic

p-value

Word

5.40

6.85

12.59

13.05

1.9442

0.0301

Syllable

3.36

7.64

14.74

12.94

3.0421

0.0023

Syllable w/o tone

1.71

7.20

7.21

6.09

2.4760

0.0092

Initial

3.50

5.729

8.20

4.87

2.6554

0.0060

Final

1.21

6.38

6.14

6.07

2.3639

0.0120

Tone

4.31

10.80

10.02

7.01

1.9279

0.0311