A critical evaluation, challenges, and future perspectives of using artificial intelligence and emerging technologies in smart classrooms

Smart Learning Environments

Table 2 Examples of educational robots used over the years

Year	Robot name	Appearance	Main abilities	References
1980	Logo Turtle	Animal like (turtle)	Walk, draw	Johal et al. (2018)
2000	Asimo	Humanoid Robot	Walk, talk, see	Okita et al. (2009)
2001	Robovie	Humanoid robot	See, hear, speak	Ishiguro et al. (2001)
2004	Nao	Humanoid robot	Walk, dance, speak, see	Loos (2015) and Kennedy et al., (2015)
2006	PaPeRo	Semi-Humanoid	Speak, see, walk	Osada et al. (2006)
2006	Maggie	Semi-Humanoid	Speak, see, dance	Salichs et al. (2006)
2007	Tiro	Humanoid	Walk, talk, see, dance	Han and Kim (2009)
2009	Saya	Semi-Humanoid	Speak, see	Hashimoto et al. (2011)
2020	AV1	Human like	Speak, see	Weibel et al. (2020)
2020	ZenoBot	Human like	Speak, see	Pham et al. (2020)
–	Pet Robots	Animal like	Speak, dance, see	Causo et al. (2016)