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Table 1 Definition of codes

From: What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education

Code

Definition

Educational transformation

Use this code when users are talking about how ChatGPT will change education

Response quality

Use this code when users are talking about the accuracy of the obtained results from ChatGPT

Usefulness

Use this code when users are talking about how ChatGPT helped them in education

Personality and emotion

Use this code when users are talking about their feelings when interacting with ChatGPT or if mentioning the emotions revealed by ChatGPT

Ethics

Use this code when users are talking about the ethical concerns of using ChatGPT in education