Table 2 The expectation of technology-enabled smart classroom system development (N = 222)

Automatic Face Recognition System: Teachers are able to know each student’s name and classroom learning situations through the facial characters identified/captured on the screen at the lecture podium.

2.30 (1.11)

27%

35%

22%

12%

4%

Digital Archive of Course Content: Students are able to browse, download, and retrieve data from recorded class sessions, including notes and illustrations that the teacher make on the PPT/electronic whiteboard in class.

4.47 (0.70)

1%

1%

4%

39%

55%

Double/Multiple Screen Projection: Different teaching materials or student group works are able to be displayed simultaneously with double/multiple screen projection.

3.38 (1.06)

6%

14%

28%

40%

12%

Instant Communication System: Through mobile devices, students are able to send instant messages to teacher at the lecture podium to raise or answer questions.

4.01 (0.84)

1%

5%

14%

52%

28%

Automatic Voice Recognition System: Relevant information including documents, pictures, and video clips can be instantly retrieved and shown on the screen when specific keywords and terms are spoken.

4.11 (0.82)

2%

3%

8%

56%

31%

Classroom Exceptions Detection System: Through gesture detection shown on the screen at the lecture podium, the teacher is able to know students’ classroom learning behaviors.

3.09 (1.09)

9%

21%

29%

34%

7%

3D Virtual Reality/Animation-Based Learning Environment: The classroom is surrounded with 3D projection technologies to create simulative and immersive virtual reality for teaching and learning.

3.91 (1.11)

4%

10%

14%

36%

36%

Instant Scanning/Projection System: Group works or materials can be scanned/projected instantly and shared with the whole class.

3.90 (0.88)

2%

5%

19%

51%

23%

Class Activity Database System: Teacher and students are able to review certain class teaching/learning episodes and group activities to adjust teaching/learning.

3.81 (0.90)

2%

8%

19%

51%

20%

Interactive Whiteboard System: Students are able to write down answers to teacher’s questions or group work results on the electronic tablet device to share with the whole class instantly on the electronic whiteboard.

3.90 (0.88)

1%

7%

16%

53%

23%

Class Content Retrieval System: Through voice- or text-based recognition, students are able to search for needed videos/text information from class databases.

4.17 (0.75)

1%

2%

10%

53%

34%

Automatic Learning Assessment System: With automatic assessment tools with quizzes and answers, students are able to have self-evaluation on what have learned in classes.

3.92 (0.80)

1%

3%

19%

55%

22%