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Smart Learning Environments

Table 2 Grouping based on participants’ academic motivation

From: The effect of academic motivation on students’ English learning achievement in the eSchoolbag-based learning environment

Group

Number

Centroid

Attainment value

Intrinsic Value

Utility value

Cost

High

36

4.7

4.5

4.1

1.5

Low

27

3.6

3.1

3.3

2.5

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