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Smart Learning Environments

Table 3 Results of Paired t-test and Descriptive Statistics for Learning Achievement

From: The effect of academic motivation on students’ English learning achievement in the eSchoolbag-based learning environment

 

Pretest

Posttest

   

Learning Achievement

M

SD

M

SD

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

 

84.48

14.07

86.49

10.32

3.03

77

0.003**

  1. ** p < .01
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