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Table 2 Pearson’s correlation coefficient: Engagement Rate (Online learning)

From: Smart multimedia learning of ICT: role and impact on language learners’ writing fluency— YouTube online English learning resources as an example

Engagement Rate

Mono-medium (text / speech)

Multimedia (text & speech)

Reading (books)

Listening (songs)

YouTube BBC 6-Minute English

Video games

Songs

Films

Audio books

Writing rate

−0.039

−0.068

0.606

−0.436

0.333

0.327

0.061

No. of error-free T. units per text

−0.341

0.226

0.867

−0.334

0.062

0.606

0.575

Lexical diversity (VOCD)

−0.783

0.204

0.844

−0.150

0.310

0.136

0.453

Lexical density

−0.250

−0.287

0.448

0.763

−0.371

−0.498

0.184

Mean length of T.unit

−0.182

0.039

0.409

−0.317

0.103

0.139

−0.072

Number of clauses per T-unit

−0.524

0.047

0.598

−0.244

0.125

0.161

0.233

Organization of ideas

−0.485

0.017

0.732

−0.053

0.000

0.458

0.472