Table 3 The EDL-CF for ID and eTUT: dimensions and statements

Data collection

Know where to find the right data/data sources

Know how to obtain/access data

Understand data quality and limitations (e.g., accuracy, completeness)

Data management

Identify the technologies to preserve data

Know and apply data manipulation methods

Know and apply data curation and data re-use methods

Understand Data Description (Metadata)

Data analysis

Know and apply the basic data analysis methods

Understand and apply the basic data analysis process steps

Understand and apply the basic data presentation methods

Data comprehension & interpretation

Understand data (e.g., measurement error, discrepancies within data, key take-away points)

Understand statistics

Know how to interpret data (e.g., explanations of patterns, identification of hypotheses, connection of multiple observations)

Generate potential connections to instruction

Make decisions based on data

Data application

Use data to inform instruction

Know how to share and cite data

Evaluate the data-driven intervention

Data ethics

Explain the use of informed consent

Know how to protect individuals' data privacy, confidentiality, integrity and security

Understand authorship, ownership, data access (governance), re-negotiation and data-sharing