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Smart Learning Environments

Table 1 Research design

From: Exploring the effect of mobile-assisted task-based learning on vocabulary achievement and student attitude

Participants

Pre-test

Treatment

Post-test

Control group

X1

Y

X2

Experimental group

X1

Z

X2, X3

  1. X1 = Achievement test (pre-test)
  2. X2 = Achievement test (post-test)
  3. X3 = Students attitude questionnaire
  4. Y = Mobile-assisted online quizzes (self-study), paper worksheets
  5. Z = Mobile-assisted task-based activities
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