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Table 3 Mann–Whitney U test analysis results

From: Direct and indirect instruction in educational robotics: a comparative study of task performance per cognitive level and student perception

Cognitive level

Task

N

Mann–Whitney U

Std. error

Sig

Knowledge

Task 1

100

1650.00

125.770

0.001*

Understanding

Task 2

100

1450.00

115.142

0.082

Application

Task 3

100

1700.00

125.227

0.000*

Analysis

Task 4

100

1625.00

122.552

0.002*

Evaluation

Task 5

100

1850.00

121.958

0.000*

Synthesis-creation

Task 6

100

1550.00

119.024

0.012*

  1. *The significance level is 0.05